Student English Material
The Material is :
1) Expression of Convincing and Persuading
2) Expression Suggestion and Advice
3) Expression Obligation and Necessity

4) Notice
5) Advertisment
6) Prosedural Text
7) Memo.

1. Expression of Convincing and Persuading

 Persuading is an expression to persuade someone. It means to make someone decide to do something by giving them reasons why they should do it, asking them many times to do it, or to make someone believe something or feel sure about something.

• Here are some expressions to persuade someone to do something:

– Can’t I persuade you to…?
– Let’s join… You won’t regret it.
– I’m begging you. Will you…?
– Just this once!
– How I can persuade you to
– Won’t you… Please?
– Why don’t you…?
– Are you really sure you can’t/couldn’t…?

– I really think it would be a pity if we didn’t…

– Are you quite sure you won’t consider…? 

– I really think you’d do well to…

– Oh, come on! 

– You’re not going to let me down, are you?
– Not even for me/for my sake?

Expressions of Convincing 

The verbs ‘convince’ and ‘persuade’ are very similar in meaning, but there is a difference in how we use them.

After ‘persuade’ we use the structureto + infinitive:

• I persuaded them to stay for another drink.
• He persuaded her not to take the job.

After ‘convince’ we cannot use a verb infinitive. We say ‘convince someone that‘:

• She convinced the police that she was telling the truth.
• He convinced her that it was the right thing to do.

Both of the above sentence would also be correct without ‘that’

• She convinced the police she was telling the truth.
•  He convinced her it was the right thing to do

Learn some expressions to convince others.

• I assure you, I can do the job well.
•  I convince you, i’m the right person to do job.
•  I believe I am the only person who can finish this job on time.
• I assure you, we can make it real.
•  I convince you to do what I say.
•  I believe you should decide your own decision.
•  I ensure you to believe me.

2. Expression Suggestion and Advice

Giving suggestion Advice

•You should/ought to………
•I think you should/ought to……
•You ought to………
•I advise you to.. 
•If I were you, I would…….
•I would recommend that you …
•You’d better tell …………
•You must to………………

And Advice

• I think you should . .  

• Why don’t you . . .

• Let’s . .

• What about …… /How about …..? 

• I suggest …. 

EXSAMPLE DIALOG FROM:

Expression Suggestion and Advice

Conversation between Dara and Tasya. Dara finds herself very difficult in learning french,.

    Dara         :Hi Tasya, Can you help me to solve my problem?Tasya          : With my pleasure, Dara. What’s your problem?
Dara         : I am terrible in French and I think I should do something about it. What do you advise me to do?
Tasya          : I suggest you to try this book. It is a fantastic book for beginners.
Dara            : It sounds nice, but do you have another book? Because frankly reading book is boring for me.
Tasya        : Hmm, let me think first. Anyway, why don’t you try to watch French movie without subtitle. In this way, not only won’t get bored while learning but also you can improve your listening skill.
Dara            : it’s nice. I’ll try to watch it without French subtitle.
Tasya          : the most important thing is to keep our spirit light!

3. Expression Obligation and Necessity

• Obligation 

Examples of  Obligation:

1. She believes that all people have a moral obligation to defend human rights.

2. He argues that people in a community have certain obligations to each other.

3. She failed to fulfill her obligations as a parent. 

1. Used to  Adjectives: Obligatory, Compulsory, Needless, Unnecessary

 

 Example:

It is obligatory for the people to participate in education.

(Artinya: Suatu keharusan bagi orang-orang untuk berpartisipasi dalam pendidikan)

Entering elementary school is compulsory in Indonesia.

(Artinya: Masuk Sekolah Dasar merupakan keharusan di Negara Indonesia)

That’s a needless thing to speak with him.

(Artinya: Taka da gunanya berbicara dengan dia)

It’s unnecessary to sit under the tree for hours.

(Artinya: Tidak perlu duduk di bawah pohon selama berjam-jam)

2. Used to Nouns: Obligation, Compulsion, Need, Necessity

 

 Example:

There’s a legal obligation to enter the army.

(Artinya: Ada keharusan resmi untuk masuk Angkatan Bersenjata)

It’s compulsion to obey your parents.

(Artinya: Merupakan keharusan untuk mematuhi orang tuamu)

It’s a need for everybody to eat nutritious food.

(Artinya: Perlu bagi setiap orang untuk makan makanan yang bergizi)

Is it necessity for man and woman to sit apart?

(Artinya: Apakah perlu bagi laki-laki dan wanita untuk duduk berpisah?)

3. Used to  Verbs: Oblige

 

 Example:

My father obliged me to study every night.

(Artinya: Ayah saya mewajibkanku untuk belajar setiap malam)

4. Used to  Modal Auxiliaries: Must, Have to, Ought to, Should

 

 Example:

You must obey your parents.

(Artinya: Kamu harus mematuhi kedua orang tuamu)

Every Muslim must pray five times a day.

(Artinya: Setiap umat Islam harus sholat lima kali sehari)

I have to go now.

(Artinya: Saya harus pergi sekarang)

You ought to repair my watch.

(Artinya: Kamu harus memperbaiki jamku)

Those shoes should be repaired.

(Artinya: Sepatu itu seharusnya diperbaiki)

I ought to wake up early.

(Artinya: Saya harus bangun pagi)

• Necessity

   
  Necessity is something that you must have or do : something that is necessary the quality of being necessary.
  
  
  Examples of  Necessity: 
  
  
  1. Sunscreen is an absolute necessity for the beach.
  2. food, clothes, and other basic necessities
  3. Getting plenty of rest is a necessity.
  4. Without a car, living close to work is a necessity.
  5. All we took with us on our hiking trip were the bare necessities.
  
  
  Example:
  I'm looking for Nicole. I have to talk to her about our launch date tomorrow. I can't meet her for launch because I have to go to a business meeting at 2:00.
  
  
  Dalam pernyataan kebutuhan sehari hari, Have to lebih sering/ umum digunakan daripada must. Must biasanya memiliki makna yang lebih kuat daripada have to dan dapat mengindikasikan suatu keadaan yang darurat atau kepentingan yang sangat mendesak.
  
  
  a.  Have got to
  b. Have to  
  
  
  Have to/ Have got to/ Must
  Example: I have to/ have got to/ must study tonight.
  Had to digunakan untuk mengekspresikan kebutuhan di masa lampau (past).
   Example: I had to study last night.

Notice/caution: adalah salah satu text fungsional yang berupa petunjuk agar seseorang melakukan atau tidak melakukan sesuatu. Notice/caution ini dapat berupa phrasa (gabungan kata), clausa (kalimat), atau berupa  gambar/tanda/sign.

• Functions of the notice:

1. To give instruction/to instruct people: untuk memberi petunjuk.
2. To give direction: untuk memberi arahan.
3. To ask people to…: untuk meminta orang supaya…..
4. To advice/to suggest/to recommend people to..: untuk menganjurkan orang supaya……
5. To remaind people to…: Untuk mengingatkan seseorang supaya….
6. To warn/to give warning; untuk memberi peringatan
7. To ban/to forbid/to prohibit people to..: untuk melarang orang untuk….

• Meaning of the notice:

a. Jika notice tersebut berupa arahan, maka maknanya akan identik dengan
kalimat-kalimat yang mengandung makna:
( hafalkan kosa kata berikut)
– can/may                                                         : boleh
– must/have to                                                   : harus
– should                                                            : hendaknya, seyogyanya
– allowed/permitted/let                          : diperbolehkan
– suggested/recommended                                : dianjurkan
– asked/hoped                                                  : diminta/diharapkan
b. Jika notice tersebut berupa larangan, maka maknanya akan identik dengan
kalimat-kalimat yang mengandung makna:
( hafalkan kosa-kata berikut)
– can’t/may not/must not                                   : tidak boleh
– forbidden/banned/prohibited               : dilarang
– not allowed/not permitted                               : tidak diperbolehkan
– not suggested/not recommended                     : tidak dianjurkan

       5. Advertisement                         

                                 

Advertisement ( iklan ) is a text that has the objective to announce a something that appeals to many poeple and that adds a well known product in all public.

• Purpose of advertisement

The purpose of the advertisement is to announce/advert about a case or a public, or in other words to introduce a product to the public in order to buy and attracted to the product being advertised.

1.Informative Advertising ( periklanan informatif ),
2.Persuasive Advertising ( periklanan persuasif ),
3.Reminder Advertising (iklan pengingat ),

• Strcture of advertisement

Title

Bagian dari advertisement yang merupakan topik utama/judul, contoh Diskon sepatu 30 %.

• Explanation

6. Procedure Text

A. Pengertian Procedure Text

Sebelum menjelaskan tentang generic structure, ciri-ciri procedure text dan contohnya, saya akan memulai penjelasan ini mendefinisikan pengertian procedure text baik dalam bahasa Inggris maupun dalam bahasa Indonesia. “Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved through a sequence of actions or steps”.

B. Tujuan Procedure Text

Tujuan komunikatif dari procedure text adalah bagaimana seorang penulis mampu memahamkan pembaca tentang cara melakukan, 

C. Generic Structure Procedure Text

1. The Goal of Activity
2. Any Material Needed for Procedure
3. Steps to Achieve the goal
4. Conclusion

D. Ciri-ciri Redaksi Procedure Text

1. Fokus pada agen manusia umum.
2. Penggunaan present tense.
3. sering Imperatif/bentuk perintah, seperti: buatlah (make), gunakanlah (use) dsb.
4. Penggunaan conjuctions temporal (atau penomeran untuk menunjukkan urutan).
   Contoh: then, after that, before, after, while, dan lain sebagainya.

E. Contoh Procedure Text

Contoh 1: How to Make a Milkshake

A milkshake is a sweet, cold beverage which is usually made from milk, ice cream, or iced milk, and flavorings or sweeteners such as butterscotch, caramel sauce, chocolate sauce, or fruit syrup. If you want to make a delicious milkshake by your selves, then this is the way how to make it.

The ingredients that you need to make a milkshake are:

• 
  
• 
  
• 
  
• 4 cups vanilla ice cream
• 2 cups milk
• 4 teaspoons chocolate sauce (optional)
• 1 cup fresh or frozen strawberries

Now, follow these steps to make a milkshake.

1. Place milkshake glasses into the freezer. Using cold glasses will help the shake stay cool to give you time to enjoy. Leave for up to an hour if possible.
2. Soften ice cream. It is easier to make a shake when the ice cream is slightly soft. Take the ice cream out of the freezer a few minutes before making your shake.
3. Place the ingredients into a blender. Mix the ice cream, milk and added flavors into the blender. Blend on high for one minute. Don’t leave in the blender for longer or the shake will melt quickly.
4. Pour shakes into frosty glasses. Take the glasses out of the freezer as soon as the blending is complete. Then pour the shake mixture in.
5. Drop a straw into the shake, then enjoy. You can sip a shake right from the glass but somehow the straw adds to the flavor and the experience.

If you do not have a blender, you may substitute with a mixer, but be careful as it could be messy. And if you do not have anything else to mix, just use a spoon, but let the ice cream thaw first to make the milkshake easier to mix. Enjoy your milkshake.

7. MEMO 

Definition of Memo The memo is a concise message, the message is written someone with a short, clear, and easy to understand. According to its use, there is an official nature memos and personal (not official). Memo is officially adopted as a statement in the official relationship of a leader to his subordinates. Be used as a personal memo memorandum or letter is not an official statement among friends, relatives, or others who have a close relationship.

The Characteristics 

1.       Special letters are made ​​specifically for the purpose in the office or organization 

2.       Judging from the circulation , an office or organization may submit a memo horizontally and vertically 

3.       Submission is horizotal a memo to the delivery office which has the equivalent 

4.       Submission is a submission vertically memo from superiors to subordinates or otherwise to remind or ordered something 

5.       Is a form of communication that give advice , referrals , or illumination about something 

6.       Have a piece of mail that is much simpler than the official letter in general , especially in the letter . 

7.       Due to the limited pedarannya , scrap usually do not include the identity of the office , such as office name , phone number , fax , and postal code , it lengkap.ghdghv 

The characteristics of the form of scrap Form of scrap consists of two parts:     

• Head Memo      

- Receiver      

- Sender      

- Subject and date of sender     

 - Initials and name of the sender     

Contents, the author immediately notice the message or command in the short and straightforward sentences. 

Example of Memo 

-   Examples of memos on schools 

To : Ali Zafran, S.Pd. 

From : Muhammad Genta, M.Pd. 

Date : June 21st, 2013 

Subject : Data of School Budget Plan 

In the next three weeks, we will make a special meeting with the parents. The meeting will discuss the plan management for the school budget. We must give a correct understanding of the funds in details. It is a must because the funds come from parents which will be used for a school construction. I personally hope you can make the data in detail. Your data is based on the financial report for the last six months.

             

              FINISH

From : ari sumardiyasa